OCD

OCD is more than just liking things neat or being particular. It's a serious condition where unwanted, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) cause intense anxiety, leading to repetitive behaviors (compulsions) you feel driven to perform. These can consume hours each day and significantly interfere with your life.

Understanding

OCD is characterized by a pattern of unwanted thoughts and fears (obsessions) that lead to repetitive behaviors (compulsions). You may try to ignore or stop your obsessions, but that only increases distress. Ultimately, you feel driven to perform compulsive acts to ease stress.

About 1-2% of the population has OCD. It affects people of all ages, genders, and backgrounds. Symptoms often begin in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood, with most people diagnosed by age 19.

Signs & Symptoms

Recognizing symptoms is the first step toward getting help. Not everyone experiences all symptoms.

Common Obsessions

  • Fear of contamination or germs
  • Unwanted forbidden thoughts (aggressive, sexual, or religious)
  • Needing things symmetrical or in perfect order
  • Fear of harming yourself or others
  • Excessive doubt and need for reassurance
  • Intrusive thoughts about losing control

Common Compulsions

  • Excessive cleaning or handwashing
  • Ordering and arranging things in a particular way
  • Repeatedly checking things (locks, appliances)
  • Compulsive counting
  • Seeking reassurance repeatedly
  • Mental rituals (praying, counting, repeating words)

Causes

The exact cause of OCD isn't fully understood, but research points to several contributing factors:

  • Genetics—OCD runs in families
  • Brain structure and functioning differences
  • Childhood trauma or abuse may increase risk
  • Streptococcal infections in children (PANDAS) in rare cases
  • Stressful life events can trigger onset in vulnerable individuals
  • Learned behaviors from family members

Treatment Options

Effective treatments are available. Many people benefit from a combination of approaches.

Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP)

The most effective treatment for OCD. You're gradually exposed to your fears while learning to resist performing compulsions. Though challenging, it significantly reduces symptoms.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Helps you understand how your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors interact. You learn to challenge OCD thoughts and develop healthier response patterns.

SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)

Often prescribed for OCD, though typically at higher doses than for depression. They help reduce obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors.

Stress Management

Stress can worsen OCD symptoms. Regular exercise, adequate sleep, relaxation techniques, and avoiding alcohol and recreational drugs help manage symptoms.

Support Groups

Connecting with others who have OCD reduces isolation and provides practical coping strategies.

Living With OCD

These strategies can help you manage symptoms and improve your quality of life.

Resisting Compulsions

Fighting the urge to perform compulsions is hard but gets easier with practice:

  • Start small—delay one compulsion by just a few minutes
  • Gradually increase the time before giving in
  • Remember that anxiety will decrease even without the compulsion
  • Reward yourself for successes, no matter how small
  • Be patient—this is a skill that develops over time
  • Work with a therapist trained in ERP for support

Challenging Obsessive Thoughts

You can't control what thoughts pop into your head, but you can change how you respond:

  • Recognize that thoughts are just thoughts, not facts
  • Practice accepting uncertainty rather than seeking 100% certainty
  • Label thoughts as OCD, not reality
  • Don't engage in mental arguments with intrusive thoughts
  • Redirect attention to the present moment
  • Remember that everyone has strange thoughts sometimes

Daily Management

These habits support recovery and prevent symptom worsening:

  • Stick to your treatment plan, even when feeling better
  • Practice mindfulness to stay present
  • Maintain healthy sleep habits
  • Exercise regularly to reduce anxiety
  • Avoid alcohol and recreational drugs
  • Build a support network of understanding people

How to Support Someone

Supporting someone with OCD means understanding that their thoughts and behaviors are driven by intense anxiety, not choice.

What helps

  • Learn about OCD to understand what they're experiencing
  • Encourage them to seek treatment with an OCD specialist
  • Be patient—recovery takes time and effort
  • Support them in resisting compulsions, not performing them
  • Acknowledge their distress while encouraging healthy coping
  • Celebrate their progress in treatment
  • Maintain normal family routines as much as possible
  • Take care of your own mental health

What to avoid

  • Don't participate in or accommodate rituals long-term
  • Don't tell them to 'just stop' doing compulsions
  • Don't provide excessive reassurance—it maintains OCD
  • Don't punish them for OCD symptoms
  • Don't compare their OCD to just 'being particular'
  • Don't let OCD control family life

Conversation starters

"I notice you've been [compulsion]. Is your OCD giving you a hard time?"

"How can I support you without reinforcing the OCD?"

"What would be helpful when you're feeling anxious?"

"I'm proud of you for working on this. How's therapy going?"

Statistics & Facts

1 in 40

adults in the U.S. have OCD

Average age

of onset is 19, though symptoms can appear in childhood

2/3

of people with OCD experience symptoms before age 25

Up to 2 hours

or more per day may be consumed by obsessions and compulsions

You're not alone

Recovery is possible with the right support and treatment. If you're struggling, please reach out to a mental health professional or call 988 for immediate support.

This information is for educational purposes and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.